Effect of Light in The Stranger and One Day in the Life...

The light in the two novels The Stranger and One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich(One Day) has an animalistic effect on the protagonists. In The Stranger, Meursault complains about the intensity of sunlight. His nature is not a light friendly one, he becomes distracted and begins to sweat under intensive light. Meursault may in several ways be compared to a bat, confused and irritated by light, though when in a dark environment, he is able to concentrate and focus. On the other hand, Shukov from One Day experiences light as mental freedom from the dark camp. Light allows him to hope for a better future for him and everyone in the camp. Shukov shows animalistic features as well, as he wakes with the sun rising and ends his day with the†¦show more content†¦Meursault is aware that this applies to the current situation equally as to everything in his life up to that point, which has been a Yes or No situation he simply accepted without disobeying this. The fact that he was ab le to make such a realization under relatively intensive sunlight is odd for his character. Later on The scorching blade slashed at my eyelashes and stabbed at my stinging eyes. Thats when everything began to reel. The sea carried up a thick, fiery breath. It seemed to me as if the sky split open from one end to the other to rain down fire. (The Stranger, 59) Meursault represents an existentialist existence. That he was able to make a life-changing realization, but later on is not able to control his mind when the situation becomes real, shows how he is directed by the glaring sun. In the dark Meursault is himself, as soon as he is surrounded by light though, his self is pushed aside and he is physically as well as mentally lead by a different force over which he has no control. Shukov as well as Meursault shows physical and mental reactions to light: Every nerve in his body was taut, all his longing was concentrated in that cigarette butt -- which meant more to him now, it seemed, than freedom itself†¦ (One Day, 24-25) His mind and body are focused on the glowing light of the cigarette butt, it

Education in France Essay Example

Essays on Education in France Essay The paper "Education in France" is a delightful example of an essay on education. France is the second-largest country in Europe. It is also among the countries that enjoyed immense power and d influence in the past. In fact, one may argue that France had immense and continues to change the world. That is, in terms of culture and education more specifically. France is the fourth most populous nation. Over half of her population resides in cities. As a result, France has a very high percentage literacy rate of up to 99%. Consequently, like other technologically developed countries, France’s rate of population growth has been slow especially after the second world (Gutek, 1993). The rate of farming activities has reduced even though agriculture is an important sector of the French economy. Moreover, the fact that about 33% of the land in France is arable under the country’s temperate climate. The land availability has led to a more urbanized France. Urbanization accompanies an increase in technological advancement. The advancement influences positively on French education by mounting technological secondary schools as well as the vocational schools.The irony is that French society is both customary and contemporary it is laissez-faire and at the same time conformist. In addition, it is religious and at the same time secular. Regardless of these paradoxes, the French distinguish their country as a culturally unsurpassed leading light of the world culture. The impression that the French had a mission to civilize the world has had a profound influence on French education. The phenomenon is evident through France’s activities in the eighteenth cent ury. During this period, the French language rose to the eminence of ousting Latin as the international diplomatic language (Gutek, 1993).The French were of the view that culture and common language gave them French identity. Educationalists emphasized the responsibility of schools in broadcasting and upholding language decorum, cultural tradition, and preservation of the French identity. The French system of education has seen to it that France thrives in its multicultural, multiethnic and multiracial character. France as a nation assumes the responsibility for service delivery in the education system since the creation of the modern revolution. Policymakers within the state recognize the need to modernize education and make it influence the economy positively.

Contemporary Issues in Western Religions Essay Sample free essay sample

The Judaism historical connexion was the belief that people have a particular relationship or bond between themselves and God. This signifier of covenant demands absolute obeisance in return for his approvals. and God in return will hear and reply his or her supplications. Judaism stems from the root for both Islam and Christianity. The supreme Godhead portrayed as God is without beginnings. gender or signifier. Hebrews frequently perceive God as a loving God even though he is olympian and Godhead. Judaism. Islam. and Christianity normally follow Abrahamic faith. following his or her history to the understanding that God made Abraham the Apostle. Muhammad the Prophet spoke to Christians and Jews throughout his life-time. and the faith of Islam created communicating with both monotheistic belief throughout Islamic history. nevertheless. Islam. and Christianity was a creative activity that involves many of Judaism beliefs and instructions. Hebraism. Christianity. and Islamic faiths have the same religion and belief in his or her relationship with God. These western faiths carry a traditional monotheistic manner that characterizes his or her beliefs in one â€Å"God. These three faiths have a necessary demand to put really of import facts that God that creates the celestial spheres. the Earth. and there is no other God. A monotheistic belief was a creative activity stemming from the Middle East with the Islamic people maintaining most of their patterns and belief in common with Christianity and Judaism. These western faiths worships the same God. acknowledges the being of the Ten Commandments. they pattern the same rites and idolizing. For Example: â€Å"The western faith believes in fasting. giving to the hapless. and go toing supplications services during certain times of the twenty-four hours. Judaism. Christianity. and Islam offer the same sets of ethical motives that can regulate the Hebrew race. Religious patterns alteration. harmonizing to what is within each country’s fraction. denominations. and the mental province of each person’s development toward lasting figures. For illustration partner. parents. or siblings can make specific symbols. imposts. spiritual patterns. and traditions sometimes form fond regards to certain relationship with God. The persons must reexamine and comprehend his or her chief mortal relationships that can rule the personal perceptual experience of themselves in the eyes of God. The western faith Christianity. Islam. and Judaism perceive both immortal and mortal relationships that can act upon spiritual Torahs and texts. These three western faiths Judaism. Islam. and Christianity perceive â€Å"God† as a godly figure who can be antiphonal and available at any given clip. Western faith seeks these certain behaviours and constructions harmonizing to God. and maintaining supplication as the chief spiritual tradition. Peoples must comprehend God as a safe and unafraid unit that can do sense in the universe. Hebraism. Christianity. and Islam belief can make his or her ain personal value systems. Harris. Marshall. and Schvaneveldt say that â€Å"Prayer. without inquiry. appears to be the most common and most powerful spiritual fond regard behaviour shared by Judaism. Christianity. and Islam† ( Harris. Marshall. Schvaneveldt. Pg. 8 ) . Regardless. the difference in the three faiths stem from Abraham seeing God in all three beliefs and throughout Hebrew heritage. Contemporary Struggles between Judaism and Christianity – With clip people. topographic points. theories. divinity evolved. This holds true to the faiths of Judaism and Christianity. These two different divinities were at one clip firm the same. These Religions held and still keep many similarities to this twenty-four hours. Harmonizing to Sadmel D. The Christian Reclamation of Judaism â€Å"We portion a common Bible. we believe in the same God. we have similar moral Values. Jesus was Judaic. and. for better or for worse. we have lived together for about 2000 years† ( 2005 ) . Although the modern-day battles between these two Religions took topographic point after the decease of Jesus Christ. it is merely after the decease of Jesus ; the outgrowth of Christianity begging’s and began to distribute their new beliefs in the Greco-Roman universe. At this clip the development of Christianity starts and can be distinctively different and separates Judaism. The separati on among the Religions took old ages to germinate and had many important mileposts that created the division. One battle that faced these conflicting Religions is the belief that Jesus was the Messiah. After his decease. Christians genuinely believed he was the Messiah. This was written in the New Testament. which is another modern-day battle that divides Judaism and Christianity. Judaic followings are still waiting for the Messiah. Judaism and Christianity today are looked at every bit two separate entities. Each Religion can larn from past disclosures with the purest of intents. With an indifferent political orientation. Jews. and Christians can larn of their yesteryear and understanding their true beginnings. A different expression at the battles and issues between Judaism and Christianity we take a closer expression at Christianity. Christianity is a faith built on a life and words of Jesus of Nazareth. besides known as Jesus Christ. Christianity founded on the thought of personal redemption and the rescue from wickedness and ageless life for its followings. There are many battles within the faith of Christianity get downing with the birth of Christ. Peoples did non believe he was born of a virgin or believed he was the boy of God. Even after Jesus crucifixion on the cross and returned for a minute on Earth people still did non believe he was the christ. Christianity has alone battles that divide the faith and do some degree of dissension. The two major jobs within Christianity are some people do non understand the contexts in the Bible and make non take clip to fellowship with God. The Bible is its head sacred text. and there are three chief subdivisions: Roman Catholicism. the Eastern Orthodox Church. and Protestantism. Modern Christianity farther divided into an estimated 22 thousand different denominations. It is likely the most divided faith in the universe. Christian religion is the world’s largest faith with 2. 1 billion followings all around the Earth. The life and workss of Jesus portrayed in the Gospel were considered the bosom of Christianity. The favoritism of adult females is another modern-day battle and issue among the three faiths. One inquiry frequently asked of non-Muslims is do Muslim adult females in the Muslim receive baronial intervention in the universe today? Unfortunate the reply is no. There is a broad spectrum of attitudes toward adult females in the Muslim universe today. Attitudes differ from one society to another and within each single society. The first way of divergence among the societies is more conservative. restrictive. and traditions-oriented. whereas the 2nd is more broad and Western-oriented. The societies that have digressed in the first way dainty adult females harmonizing to the imposts and traditions inherited from their forbears. These traditions deprive adult females of many rights granted to them by Islam. Womans were treated harmonizing to criterions different from those applied to work forces. â€Å"This favoritism pervades the life of any female: she is received with less joy at birth than a male child ; she is less likely to travel to school ; she might be deprived any portion of her family’s heritage ; she is under uninterrupted surveillance in order non to act immodestly while her brother’s immodest Acts of the Apostless are tolerated ; she might even be killed for perpetrating what her male household members normally boast of making ; she has really small say in household personal businesss or community involvements ; she might non hold full control over her belongings and her matrimony gifts ; and eventually as a female parent she herself would prefer to bring forth male childs so that she can achieve a higher position in her community† ( Leonard J. Swidler. 1976. p. 115 ) . There are Muslim societies that have been swept over by the Western civilization and manner of life frequently copying whatever they receive from the West and following the worst fruits of Western civilisation. A typical â€Å"modern† woman’s top precedence in life is to heighten her physical beauty. She tends to care more about her organic structure than her head and more about her appeals than her mind. Her ability to appeal. attract. and excite were more valued in the society than her educational accomplishments. rational chases. and societal work. Her spiritualty has no room in a society preoccupied with her attraction â€Å"There is a broad spread between what Muslims are supposed to believe in and what they really pattern. This spread is non a recent phenomenon. It has been at that place for centuries and has been widening twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours. This of all time widening spread has had black effects on the Muslimuniverse manifested in about all facets of life: political dictatorship and atomization. economic retardation. societal unfairness. scientific bankruptcy. and rational stagnation† ( Leonard J. Swidler. 1976. p. 115 ) . The place of adult females in the Judaism-Christian tradition might look scaring by our late 20th century criterions should be viewed within proper historical context. There can be no uncertainty that the positions of the Rabbis and the Church Fathers sing adult females were influenced by the prevailing attitudes toward adult females in their societies. The Bible itself was written by different writers at different times. An illustration. in the Old Testament the criminal conversation Torahs are so biased against adult females that they defy rational account by our outlook. If we consider that the early Judaic folks were obsessed with their familial homogeneousness and highly eager to specify themselves apart from the environing folks and that sexual merely misconduct by the married females of the folks could endanger these precious aspirations. we can understand the grounds for this prejudice. A proper apprehension of the Judaism-Christian historical context is besides important for understanding the significance of the parts of Islam to universe history and human civilisation. The Judaism-Christian tradition were influenced and shaped by the environments. conditions. and civilizations in which it had existed. The hapless position of adult females in the Judaism-Christian universe by the 7th century is merely point. The Quran described the mission of the new Messenger as a release for Jews and Christians from the heavy loads that had been upon them: â€Å"Those who follow the Messenger. the analphabetic Prophet. whom they find mentioned in their ain Scriptures–In the Law and the Gospel– For he commands them what is merely and prohibit them what is evil ; he allows them as lawful what is good and prohibits them from what is bad ; He releases them from their heavy loads and from the yokes that are upon them† ( 7:157 ) . Islam should non be viewed as a rival tradition to Judaism or Christianity. It is regarded as the consummation. completion. and flawlessness of the Godhead messages.The Quran compactly has considered the interaction of adult male and adult female as one intent of creative activity: † O world We created you from a individual brace of a male and a female. and made you into states and folks. that you may cognize each other† ( 49:13 ) . Islam. merely as Judaism and Christianity can be viewed as a faith that had vastly improved the position of adult females and had granted them many rights that the modern universe has recognized merely this century. Islam still has much to offer today’s adult female: self-respect. regard. and protection in all facets and all phases of her life from birth until decease in add-on to the acknowledgment. the balance. and means for the fulfilment of all her religious. rational. physical. and emotional demands. Attitude Toward Merchants and Trades – â€Å"First. the high person and community cost of educating kids in subsistence agriculture economic systems prompted voluntary transitions of Jews that accounted for a portion of the decrease from 4. 5 to 1. 2 million. Second. the Judaic husbandmans who invested in instruction gained the comparative advantage and inducement to come in skilled businesss during the urbanisation in the Abbasid imperium in the Near East. and they did choose themselves into these businesss. Third. as merchandisers the Jews invested even more in education—a stipulation for the mailing web and common tribunal system that endowed them with trading accomplishments demanded all over the universe. Fourth. the Jews generated a voluntary diaspora within the Muslim Empire and subsequently to Western Europe. Fifth. the bulk of universe Jewry lived in the Near East when the Mongol invasions in the 1250s brought this part back to a subsistence farming economic s ystem in which many Jews found it hard to implement the spiritual norm. and therefore converted. as it had happened centuries earlier. † ( JEL: J1. J2. N3. O1. Z12. Z13 ) Factors specific to medieval Jewry helped the Radhanites get monopolies. For illustration. Moslems were excluded from European markets. and Christians were virtually barred from Islamic Waterss ; merely Jews could go as commercial agents in both kingdoms. In add-on. like all Jews. the Radhanites could be assured of cordial reception among co-religionists dispersed all along their transcontinental path through North Africa and Asia every bit good as in the European backwoodss. Piracy. which colored all facets of sea commercialism. was a portion of the go oning holy war between Islam and Christendom and was particularly active near Byzantine shore and in the eastern Mediterranean in the 11th century. Hebrews captured by plagiarists could number on ransom and deliverance by fellow Jews in the country when they were brought to a slave market. by and large deprived of all ownerships including the apparels on their dorsum. In decision we can see there are many differences and similarities between Judaism. Christianity. and Islam faiths. The battles and issues are legion. and this paper can merely turn to a really little part of them. We can besides presume that many of these battles and issues will go on for old ages or centuries to come. Mentions Sadmel. D. ( 2005 ) . The Christian Reclamation of Judaism. Judaism. 54 ( 3/4 ) . 251-262.World Religions: Almanac written by Michael J. O’Neal and Sydney Jones( 2007 ) Thomson Gale. a portion of The Thomson Corporation. Leonard J. Swidler. Women in Judaism: the Status of Women in Formative Judaism ( Metuchen. N. J: Scarecrow Press. 1976 ) p. 115. Thena Kendath. â€Å"Memories of an Orthodox youth† in Susannah Heschel. erectile dysfunction. On being a Judaic Feminist ( New York: Schocken Books. 1983 ) . pp. 96-97.Swidler. op. cit. . pp. 80-81.Rosemary R. Ruether. â€Å"Christianity† . in Arvind Sharma. erectile dysfunction. . Womans in World Religions ( Albany: State University of New York Press. 1987 ) p. 209.For all the expressions of the outstanding Saints. see Karen Armstrong. The Gospel Harmonizing to Woman ( London: Elm Tree Books. 1986 ) pp. 52-62. See besides Nancy van Vuuren. The Corruption of Women as Practiced by Churches. Witch-hunters. and Other Male chauvinists ( Philadelphia: Westminster Press ) pp. 28-30. MentionHarris. W. V. . Marshall. J. P. . A ; Schaneveldt. J. D. ( 2008. Spring ) . In the Eyes of God ; how affiliated theory informs Historical and Contemporary Marriage and Religious Practices among Abrahamic Faiths. Journal of Comparative of Family Studies. 39 ( 2 ) . 259-278.

Product and Promotion Plan for the Vectra Company

This research paper explores and identifies business opportunities in existence in India for the VectraCompany based in France. The promotion and product plan show that the Road Pavement Industry can provide many attractive opportunities for Vectra if it enters into the Indian market.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Product and Promotion Plan for the Vectra Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The perfect choice for penetration in the Indian market for Vectra would be via joint ventures or strategic partnerships with companies within and without its sector of operations. As indicated in the findings, the Vectra Company is well positioned to penetrate the Indian road construction market and become an equal competitor of the international road companies operating in this dynamic industry. Besides, the many ongoing road projects in India will ensure that its operations are sustainable in the long term. The company has the advantage of technology, fair prices, good equipment, and competent personnel. However, Vectra could find itself facing minor bottlenecks in terms of change in the environment of operations. The Vecta Company will need to modify its equipment to suit the Indian road industry. For instance, the company will have to modify or acquire compatible right hand road equipment unlike in France where the road equipmentis left handed. With an already existing structure in France, the Vectra Company should apply cauterization of marketing channels alongside a strong financial arm. The opportunities available outweigh the challenges. Putting into consideration of the external and internal dynamics, the Vectra Company should enter the Indian road construction market in the next 16 months. Introduction This paper seeks to establish a meticulous research and documentation of the results of the possibility of the Vectra Company to establish its operations in the Indian market in an attempt to expand its geographical quarter of operations. Besides, the essay will integrate the company background, entry strategies, feasible marketing mix, and socio-cultural segmentation of the India road construction market. This comprehensive report will present the most cost effective and sustainable approach that the Vectra Company will adapt to implement the above concepts in relation to the current and future orations in the Indian road construction industry. Also, this paper attempts to present a detailed analysis of the action plan of the company, and its choice of penetration technique into the Indian road construction market. Notwithstanding, the marketing needs are explored within the detailed and workable blend that the company might employ to determine the suitability of India as a new market.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing Objectives F or foreign investors such as Vectra in the Road Engineering Industry, market entry into India must be aligned to competitiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. In the case of the Vectra Company, the ideal entry mode would be through joint ventures. Hence, it will be highly recommended that Vectra enters as a Joint Venture, as it possesses a specialized knowledge that can be very beneficial for the local market, particularly in large and complicated projects, to provide their valuable services. A joint Venture entails advantages that can be beneficial to Vectra as a foreign investor. For example, it can establish distribution, take advantage of the available financial resources of the Indian Partners and establish contacts with the Indian business leaders of the industry. This will ease the process of setting up the business operations. Indian has a reputation of setting high legal expectations of a business which would otherwise be a repellant to investors (World Bank, 2007). Less legal hurdles are to be experienced by the Vectra Company. The company will have to recruit an Indian native expertise in government regulations to safeguard its interests and minimize possible conflicts during its period of operation. Besides, the expert will give the company a bill of health to confidently negotiate for contracts with the government of Indian since he or she will be the contact person. From the audit of the general audit of the Indian infrastructure plans, it was learned that the Indian Government have initiated many ambitious projects and plans and currently, many are still in the pipeline for future implementations. Based on the unique Vectra know-how, the market opportunity, the first experiences of diversification, there is a real opportunity but as well a need for Vectra to grow and consolidate its positioning within the Indian market. The three key axis of growth in term of the inorganic growth should be investigated such as consolidating the equipment sale s, consolidating the services and finally, and supplementing and complementing the existing Vectra offer in the joint partnership proposals. As this type of B to B activity requires long term relationship development, the inorganic growth will be the important axis of development. In the priority will be to sell service contracts, which are a persistent source of businesses and of cash flows vs. equipment market. As a result, this will ensure continuous flow of revenue streams besides the opportunity it presents for the Vectra Company to reduce the costs of running this business over time.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Product and Promotion Plan for the Vectra Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Based on what is known about the Indian road construction industry, any leading road engineering company like Vectra that specializes in road pavement management would have an EBIT between 12% and 14% of sales annually. With realistic revenue growth projection of 13.5% in sales by 2016, the management of the Vectra Company will be able to further improve the marginal annual returns as the company penetrates the industry. The Vectra Company has a better margin rate because it consists of two departments which are the road engineering department with net margin of 14% and the sales equipment department with a net margin of about 23%. Furthermore, with the mix of favorable project mix and better productivity, the gross margin and EBIT are likely to improve. Hence, this will allow Vectra to have a better financial vision if it is to move into an India Road Management Industry. The potential companies that the Vectra business may partner with include the Delhi Road Masters and the Aryan Conglomerate Venture. These companies operate in the same industry as Vectra and are the best in offering road construction support logistics and services. Product adaption and modification The Vectra Com pany in India will sell services using its exclusive products approach. Therefore, a compatible service delivery approach must be streamlined with the objective and long term goals within the Indian market. However, the Vectra’s equipments should be modified to be compatible with the native Indian technicians who will form the bulk of its workforce. Tentatively, the company may resort to offering training to the local technicians for machines which are too expensive and cannot be replaced or modified. As a foundation of the expertise, data acquisition is a major step of the overall process. The Vectra Company has to transport its auscultation fleet, Deflectographe Lacroix, EPR, Griptester, Ecodyn, Radar, Amac and Astra to India and make sure that it has enough equipment in this country (Vectra, 2010). The on-board technology doesn’t need any adaptation or modification since its operational module has universal standards for all countries. Minor modification may be requ ired in the external body of the vehicles. For instance, the company will have to purchase or modify the steering position since Indian roads supports right hand driving unlike the left hand driving in France. On insurance and law requirements in India specifications, it is a guarantee that the Vectra’s equipments will pass the tests since these policies are more thorough in France than India. With a French insurance certification, the company is sure to import its equipments without any major interference by the Indian government.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thanks to the acquired data, Vectra’s Engineers will process the data through its specialized software; the road maintenance issues are similar for all paved roads in France and in India. These maintenance issues include dry-wells and drainage problems, grading and gravelling issues, potholes and asphalt breaking up. Therefore, the outputs will be understandable to the local customer. The software can actually be used in English and can provide outputs in English thus it doesn’t need to be translated. Once the data are processed, Vectra’s Engineers will assist the customer in its road reconstruction process. This consulting step has to take into consideration the cultural factor. An Indian customer doesn’t act as a French customer does therefore Vectra’s consultants and engineers on the ground have to be trained on local customs and therefore should know how to anticipate Indian customer behavior. As indicated in the marketing description part, Vec tra’s best entry to the Indian market is to create a joint venture or strategic partnership with a local company. In this case French and Indian technicians or engineers will have to work together to produce the best results. This cultural part must be taken into consideration and some intercultural events must be organized to encourage employees’ intercultural adaptation. Unlike the French market, Indian market has the dynamics of culture which are more defined. In fact, most of the government agencies have a unique Indian culture of protocol in business. For the social dimension of the evaluation of the Indian market, it is necessary for the company to tailor its activities to suit the acceptable cultural norms. Comprehensively, it would be necessary to establish how conversant the people of India are to technological advancements constantly changing a cross the global arena. The answers to this question could be relative as it depends on the country’s technol ogical advancement. Research has it that India though very populous, have a high percentage of the literate in its population. This population will provide skilled and unskilled labor to the Vectra Company. The English language used in these two countries also are basic and comprehension would not be a deterring factor. The fact that the participants of the trade activity from either country share a common language will facilitate the entry of the Vetra Company. Reflectively, the Hofstede’s cultural dimension is more defined in India than II France. Promotion Mix As Vectra’s business is based on B2B model, the company’s promotion and advertising activities should include usage of all marketing tools of B2B Marketing Mix in order to promote their services. With its decided joint partner(s), the company will recruit a marketing company that will have the responsibility of marketing its services across the regions of India (MacKay and McKiernan, 2004). This strateg y is likely to be successful since the contracted company will have better knowledge of the industry, requirements, and approach to minimize conflict as a result of different perceptions (Roberts, 2005). Also, placement of publications in industry and trade media would maximize the increase in awareness about the company. Target magazines would be: Construction World India (CW), MBM Media, Roads Bridges, and Construction Week (Top10 Companies in India, 2013). In the initial stages, public conferences, seminars and workshops need to be organized for potential customers where individuals from organizations can express concerns, voice feedback, and get acquainted with the Vectra’s services. A minimum of 4 seminars in 3 locations including Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Delhi over 3 months are required. One of Vectra’s primary marketing and advertisement objectives must be to capitalize on their extensive knowledge within the road pavement management field and establish their credentials as a revered leader in the industry. The company’s key aspect is to build loyalty and trust towards the brand. The company’s superiority in comparison to its competitors must be clearly established. Social media will be used as a promotional tool to place brand in the digital sphere (Alder, 2008). Presence in professional social media websites such as LinkedIn can be used to advertise the company’s international presence and publish research papers in order to increase Vectra’s perception of being a thought leader amongst its industry peers located in India such as PNC Infratech Ltd, Gammon India and Ramky Infrastructure Ltd (Meclabs, 2011). As an additional promotional tool, Vectra can host annual parties/events and invite target clients along with existing clients in order to enhance the company’s reputation. In terms of personal selling, Vectra can appoint trained sales executives to attend seminars and expos in order to appro ach target customers and generate business. The main message of Vectra in its advertising campaigns will revolve around the creation of increased value with the adoption of Vectra’s high-end quality services for road maintenance activities, which would eventually lead to increase cost savings (Travis, 2007).With regards of the estimated costs involved in marketing and promotional activities, Vectra initial budget should range between â‚ ¬895,020 and â‚ ¬1,022,000 roughly amounting to 7% or 8% of the company revenue. Approximately 50% would be allocated towards trade shows and social events. 10% towards e-mail marketing and additional optimization of website design. The remaining percentage would be directed towards direct mail, telemarketing and social media and print advertising as summarized in Appendix 1. Recommendations As the Indian government seeks to re-invent the economy and restore investors’ confidence, Indian market currently enjoys a relatively peacef ul and economically stable business environment. Factually, the Indian nation seems to be embracing the spirit of globalization and economic liberalization with an upbeat positive mood of better focused economic growth accompanied by development. Thus, it is recommended that Vectra should maximize the available opportunity to establish a structurally feasible marketing program as it has the advantage of knowledge on the Indian market segmentation and demand trends in the road construction industry. In line with periodic marketing analysis, the entry should be fast tracked within a period of not more than 18 months. Conclusion The Indian RPM market is full of opportunities for Vectra since it already has the equipments and personnel to operate in the Indian market. The company will have to modify some of the equipments to be compatible with the Indian roads. Since the company’s majority of workers in the India will be the native Indians, it is necessary for the company to esta blish a continuous training program. In order to actively promote its activities, the Vectra Company has to aggressively utilize specialized media sources. In addition, Vectra’s contracted marketers will have to increase their visibility through cueing the minds of target clients through the big billboards and posters all over the major regions of India. The proposed entry method that is ideal for Vectra is the joint venture model. It is significant for the company to have an experienced native Indian contact person who will double up as its lawyer. Reflectively, the Vectra Company should immediately enter the Indian market to reap maximum benefits from the opportunities that are skewed to its advantage. References Adler, A. (2008). International dimensions of organizational behavior (5th ed.). Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western. MacKay, B., McKiernan, P. (2004). The role of hindsight in foresight: Refining strategic reasoning,Futures, 36(1), 161-179. Meclabs. (2011). Allocati on of Marketing B2B budgets. Web. Roberts, J., (2005). Defensive marketing: How a strong incumbent can protect its position. Harvard Business Review, 83(11), 150-210. Top10 Companies in India. (2013). Construction companies. Web. Travis, T. (2007). Doing business anywhere: The essential guide to going global. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Vectra. (2010). Acquisition des donnà ©es. Web. World Bank. (2007). Doing business 2008: comparing regulation in 178 economies. New York: World Bank Publications. Appendix 1: Promotion and Marketing Budget Vectra Company Promotion and Marketing Budget 2015 2016 2017 Allocation for Marketing 500,000 400,000 300,000 Less Costs: Advertising 200,000 160,000 120,000 Trade Shows 250,000 200,000 150,000 eMarketing 50,000 40,000 30,000 Total 500,000 400,000 300,000 This research paper on Product and Promotion Plan for the Vectra Company was written and submitted by user Kristen Knight to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.